2017幼升小小学预备:幼儿英语语法解析
小学英语除了要接触大量的基本单词和交流会话,更是要了解基本的语法问题,为今后的英语学习打下坚实的基础。查字典小学网为大家整理了少儿英语必学的一些英语语法,供大家学习。
一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、 可数名词的家务事
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:
book books room rooms
house houses day days
2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:
bus buses glass glasses
watch watches
dish dishes box boxes
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:
city cities body bodies
factory factories等等。
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:
half halves leaf leaves
knife knives wife wives
5. 特例 [悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。]
① child children
② man men woman women
policeman policemen
(规律:man men)
③ tomato tomatoes potato potatoes
[悄悄话: 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,
其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo photos ]
④ foot feet tooth teeth [悄悄话: oo变成ee。]
⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话: 变复数时词形不变。]
⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people的复数形式peoples通常指多个民族。
三、 不可数名词的家务事
1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义发生变化。如:
water (水) waters (水域)
orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子)
3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。如:
fruit fruits food foods
fish fishes hair hairs
练习巩固:用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________(hair).
12. They are________(woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
参考答案:
1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves
9.children 10.dictionaries 11.hair,hairs 12.women 13.orange 14.foxes 15.juice
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